... model and uses it to analyze NOCT testing standards. Specifically, the standard correction factor charts found in the ASTM E1036 and IEC 61215 standards are evaluated. Results show that the correction charts were likely created assuming laminar flow correlations, while validation efforts and the fact...

... / min FS full span LFE laminar flow element Candanedo , L. M. , Athienitis , A. K. , Candanedo , J. , O’brien , W. , and Chen , Y. -X. , 2010 , “ Transient and Steady State Models for Open-Loop Air-Based BIPV/T Systems ,” ASHRAE Trans. 0001-2505...

.... The evolutionary structure of the scale is visualized with scanning electron microscopy. Consistent with the predictive model, calcium carbonate is more easily removed from polypropylene than copper. In a laminar flow with a wall shear stress of 0.16 Pa, 65% of the scale is removed from polypropylene while only 10...

... to a reactor diameter of 0.02286 m . Gas flow rates were set such that the Ar : ZnO ratio was greater than 3:1 and the system residence time was below 2 s . The system was found to exhibit highly laminar flow in all cases ( Re ∼ 10 ) , but gas velocity profiles did not seriously affect temperature profiles...

... 2005 22 06 2005 calcium compounds polymer blends laminar flow scanning electron microscopes water copper chemical analysis pipes solar heating In solar hot water systems, the surfaces of absorbers, heat exchangers, and distribution pipes can become coated with calcium...

... with experiment. Use of the Baldwin-Barth model results in better agreement of time averaged surface pressure with experimental data in the upper surface laminar flow region. This causes a higher predicted mean lift coefficient of 0.631 compared to 0.613 predicted with the Spalart-Allmaras model. The predicted...

... 2002 01 08 2002 thermal energy storage latent heat heat exchangers heat transfer phase transformations laminar flow boundary layer turbulence The study of heat transfer during melting and solidification is relevant to various thermal energy storage applications such as solar...

... heat radiation cooling laminar flow turbulence It has been shown 6 how the forces driving the flow may be represented conveniently by dimensionless groups: the product of the sine of the inclination of the duct with the Grashof number Gr D in free convection due to buoyancy...