Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of a Tubular Aerosol Reactor for Solar Thermal $ZnO$ Decomposition

Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to model solar $ZnO$ dissociation in a tubular aerosol reactor at ultrahigh temperatures $(1900–2300K)$⁠. Reactor aspect ratios ranged between 0.15 and 0.45, with the smallest ratio base case corresponding to a reactor diameter of $0.02286m$⁠. Gas flow rates were set such that the $Ar:ZnO$ ratio was greater than 3:1 and the system residence time was below $2s$⁠. The system was found to exhibit highly laminar flow in all cases $(Re∼10)$⁠, but gas velocity profiles did not seriously affect temperature profiles. Particle heating was nearly instantaneous, a result of the high radiation heat flux from the wall. There was essentially no difference between gas and particle temperatures due to the high surface area for conductive heat exchange between the phases. Calculation of $ZnO$ conversion showed that significant conversions $(>90%)$ could be attained for residence times typical of rapid aerosol processing. Particle sizes of $>1μm$ negatively affected conversion, but sizes of $10μm$ still gave acceptable conversion levels. Simulation of reaction of product oxygen with the reactor wall showed that a reactor constructed of an oxidation-sensitive material would not be a viable choice for a high temperature solar reactor.