... coefficient in a laminar boundary layer is strongly sensitive to the upstream history of the flow, including both the leading-edge configuration and any variation in wall temperature. Most of the experimental reports have taken care to describe leading-edge conditions. In some studies, upstream boundary...

... in the latter, the hot spot should be seen in front of it. For both cases, empirical relations were devised for highest heat flux point to the front and side of the protrusion, as well as the distance of the spot from it. For laminar boundary layers, the empirical relation [ 11 , 12 ] for the critical...