... using the surface oil-flow technique. Seven boundary-layer flow modes were categorized by changing Re and α . A six-component balance is used to determine aerodynamic loadings. The aerodynamic performance is closely related to the boundary-layer flow modes. The stall angle of attack ( α stall...

.... The Reynolds number is set in the range of 30,000–130,000. The boundary layer field is visualized with surface oil-flow techniques. Six characteristic flow regimes—laminar separation, separation bubble, leading-edge bubble, bubble burst, turbulent separation, and bluff-body wake—are categorized and studied...