The transient behaviors of a prototype pump turbine are very important to the safe operation of a pumped-storage power plant. This is because the water hammer pressure during transient events affects the pressure surges in the spiral case (SC) and the draft tube (DT). In addition, the transient pressure pulsations in the vaneless space (VL) are important in the evaluation of the life of the runner. Although several detailed studies have been conducted on the water hammer pressure of a hydropower plant, very few have considered the transient pressure pulsations that occur in the pump turbine. The objective of the present study was to determine the characteristics of the transient pressure pulsations of a 300-MW prototype Francis pump turbine during load rejection and power failure. For this purpose, the frequency features in the steady-state were first analyzed using fast Fourier transform. A Savitzky–Golay filter was then used to extract the water hammer pressure and pulsating pressure from the acquired raw pressure signals. Further, a one-dimensional (1D) method of characteristics (MOC) mathematical model of the pump-turbine was established and used to simulate the transient variations of the flow discharge during transient events, to enable the division of the transient operation conditions into several domains. Finally, the characteristics of the transient pressure pulsations in the SC, vaneless space, and DT were investigated in the time and frequency domains. This paper also discusses the causes of the pressure pulsations that occur under different modes of operation of a pump turbine.
Issue Section:
Flows in Complex Systems
References
1.
Zeng
, W.
, Yang
, J. D.
, and Guo
, W. C.
, 2015
, “Runaway Instability of Pump-Turbines in S Shaped Regions Considering Water Compressibility
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 137
(5
), p. 051401
.2.
Zeng
, W.
, Yang
, J.
, and Tang
, R.
, 2016
, “Extreme Water-Hammer Pressure During One-after-Another Load Shedding in Pumped-Storage Stations
,” Renewable Energy
, 99
, pp. 35
–44
.3.
Pejovic
, S.
, Zhang
, Q. F.
, Karney
, B.
, and Gajic
, A.
, 2011
, “Analysis of Pump-Turbine ‘S’ Instability and Reverse Water Hammer Incidents in Hydropower Systems
,” Fourth International Meeting on Cavitation and Dynamic Problems in Hydraulic Machinery Systems
, Belgrade, Serbia, Oct. 26–28.https://www.osti.gov/biblio/10395934.
Olimstad
, G.
, Nielsen
, T. K.
, and Børresen
, B.
, 2012
, “Dependency on Runner Geometry for Reversible-Pump Turbine Characteristics in Turbine Mode of Operation
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 134
(12
), p. 121102
.5.
Yin
, J. L.
, Wang
, D. Z.
, Wei
, X. Z.
, and Wang
, L. Q.
, 2013
, “Hydraulic Improvement to Eliminate S-Shaped Curve in Pump Turbine
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 135
(7
), p. 071105
.6.
Dörfler
, P.
, Sick
, M.
, and Coutu
, A.
, 2013
, Flow-Induced Pulsation and Vibration in Hydroelectric Machinery: Engineer's Guidebook for Planning, Design and Troubleshooting
, Springer
, London
.7.
Zuo
, Z.
, Liu
, S.
, Sun
, Y.
, and Wu
, Y.
, 2015
, “Pressure Fluctuations in the Vaneless Space of High-Head Pump-Turbines—A Review
,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
, 41
, pp. 965
–974
.8.
Yasuda
, M.
, and Watanabe
, S.
, 2016
, “How to Avoid Severe Incidents at Pumped Storage Power Plants
,” IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.
, 49
(11
), p. 112002
.9.
Egusquiza
, E.
, Valero
, C.
, Huang
, X.
, Jou
, E.
, Guardo
, A.
, and Rodriguez
, C.
, 2012
, “Failure Investigation of a Large Pump-Turbine Runner
,” Eng. Failure Anal.
, 23
(23
), pp. 27
–34
.10.
Zobeiri
, A.
, Kueny
, J. L.
, Farhat
, M.
, and Avellan
, F.
, 2006
, “Pump-Turbine Rotor-Stator Interactions in Generating Mode: Pressure Fluctuation in Distributor Channel
,” 23rd IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems
, Yokohama, Japan, Oct. 17–21.https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/9076511.
Fischer
, R.
, Powell
, C.
, Franke
, G.
, Seidel
, U.
, and Koutnik
, J.
, 2004
, “Contributions to the Improved Understanding of the Dynamic Behavior of Pump Turbines and Uses Thereof in Dynamic Design
,” 22nd IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems
, Stockholm, Sweden, June 29–July 2.12.
Rodriguez
, C. G.
, Egusquiza
, E.
, and Santos
, I. F.
, 2007
, “Frequencies in the Vibration Induced by the Rotor Stator Interaction in a Centrifugal Pump Turbine
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 129
(11
), pp. 1428
–1435
.13.
Tanaka
, H.
, 2011
, “Vibration Behavior and Dynamic Stress of Runners of Very High Head Reversible Pump-Turbines
,” Int. J. Fluid Mach. Syst.
, 4
(2
), pp. 289
–306
.14.
Mateos
, J. B.
, 2005
, “Contribution to Rotor-Stator Interaction in Pump Turbine Prototypes,” Ph.D. thesis, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.15.
Ciocan
, G. D.
, and Kueny
, J. L.
, 2006
, “Experimental Analysis of Rotor Stator Interaction in a Pump-Turbine
,” 23rd IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems
, Yokohama, Japan, Oct. 17–21. http://www.academia.edu/26529002/Experimental_Analysis_of_the_Rotor-Stator_Interaction_in_a_Pump-Turbine16.
Zhang
, Y.
, and Wu
, Y.
, 2016
, “A Review of Rotating Stall in Reversible Pump Turbine
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part C: J. Mech. Eng. Sci.
, 231(7), pp. 1181–1204.17.
Hasmatuchi
, V.
, Farhat
, M.
, Roth
, S.
, Botero
, F.
, and Avellan
, F.
, 2011
, “Experimental Evidence of Rotating Stall in a Pump-Turbine at Off-Design Conditions in Generating Mode
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 133
(5
), p. 051104
.18.
Widmer
, C.
, Staubli
, T.
, and Ledergerber
, N.
, 2011
, “Unstable Characteristics and Rotating Stall in Turbine Brake Operation of Pump-Turbines
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 133
(4
), p. 041101
.19.
Botero
, F.
, Hasmatuchi
, V.
, Roth
, S.
, and Farhat
, M.
, 2014
, “Non-Intrusive Detection of Rotating Stall in Pump-Turbines
,” Mech. Syst. Signal Process.
, 48
(1–2
), pp. 162
–173
.20.
Cavazzini
, G.
, Covi
, A.
, Pavesi
, G.
, and Ardizzon
, G.
, 2015
, “Analysis of the Unstable Behavior of a Pump-Turbine in Turbine Mode: Fluid-Dynamical and Spectral Characterization of the S-Shape Characteristic
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 138
(2
), p. 021105
.21.
Gentner
, C.
, Sallaberger
, M.
, Widmer
, C.
, and Guggenberger
, M.
, 2014
, “Comprehensive Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Instability Phenomena in Pump Turbines
,” IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.
, 22
(3
), p. 032046
.22.
Xia
, L.
, Cheng
, Y.
, You
, J.
, Zhang
, X.
, Yang
, J.
, and Qian
, Z.
, 2016
, “Mechanism of the S-Shaped Characteristics and the Runaway Instability of Pump-Turbines
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 139
(3
), p. 031101
.23.
Jacquet
, C.
, Fortes-Patella
, R.
, Balarac
, L.
, and Houdeline
, J. B.
, 2016
, “CFD Investigation of Complex Phenomena in S-Shape Region of Reversible Pump-Turbine
,” IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.
, 49
(4
), p. 042010
.24.
Guggenberger
, M.
, Senn
, F.
, Schiffer
, J.
, Jaberg
, H.
, Sallaberger
, M.
, and Widmer
, C.
, 2015
, “Investigating the Dynamic Aspects of the Turbine Instability of a Pump-Turbine Model
,” Sixth IAHR International Meeting of the Workgroup on Cavitation and Dynamic Problems in Hydraulic Machinery and Systems
, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Sept. 9–11, pp. 1–10.http://iahrwg2015.si/files/papers/3_Hydraulic_oscillation_flow_induces_vibration_and_FSI/IAHR_WG_15_3_6_Guggenberger.pdf25.
Zuo
, Z.
, Fan
, H.
, Liu
, S.
, and Wu
, Y.
, 2016
, “S-Shaped Characteristics on the Performance Curves of Pump-Turbines in Turbine Mode—A Review
,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
, 60
, pp. 836
–851
.26.
Trivedi
, C.
, Gandhi
, B.
, and Michel
, C. J.
, 2013
, “Effect of Transients on Francis Turbine Runner Life: A Review
,” J. Hydraul. Res.
, 51
(2
), pp. 121
–132
.27.
Trivedi
, C.
, Gandhi
, B. K.
, Cervantes
, M. J.
, and Dahlhaug
, O. G.
, 2015
, “Experimental Investigations of a Model Francis Turbine During Shutdown at Synchronous Speed
,” Renewable Energy
, 83
, pp. 828
–836
.28.
Amiri
, K.
, Mulu
, B.
, Raisee
, M.
, and Cervantes
, M. J.
, 2016
, “Unsteady Pressure Measurements on the Runner of a Kaplan Turbine During Load Acceptance and Load Rejection
,” J. Hydraul. Res.
, 54
(1
), pp. 1
–18
.29.
Braun
, O.
, and Ruchonnet
, N.
, 2017
, “Analysis of Pressure Pulsations During the Fast Transition of a Pump Turbine From Pumping to Generating Mode
,” Seventh International Meeting on Cavitation and Dynamic Problems in Hydraulic Machinery and Systems
, Porto, Portugal.30.
Liu
, J.
, Liu
, S.
, Sun
, Y.
, Wu
, Y.
, and Wang
, L.
, 2013
, “Three Dimensional Flow Simulation of Load Rejection of a Prototype Pump-Turbine
,” Eng. Comput.
, 29
(4
), pp. 417
–426
.31.
Wang
, Z.
, Zhu
, B.
, Wang
, X.
, and Qin
, D.
, 2017
, “Pressure Fluctuations in the S-Shaped Region of a Reversible Pump-Turbine
,” Energies
, 10
(12
), p. 96
.32.
Li
, D.
, Gong
, R.
, Wang
, H.
, Wei
, X.
, Liu
, Z.
, and Qin
, D.
, 2015
, “Numerical Investigation on Transient Flow of a High Head Low Specific Speed Pump-Turbine in Pump Mode
,” J. Renewable Sustainable Energy
, 7
(6
), p. 063111.33.
Rezghi
, A.
, and Riasi
, A.
, 2016
, “Sensitivity Analysis of Transient Flow of Two Parallel Pump-Turbines Operating at Runaway
,” Renewable Energy
, 86
, pp. 611
–622
.34.
Zeng
, W.
, Yang
, J.
, Hu
, J.
, and Yang
, J.
, 2016
, “Guide-Vane Closing Schemes for Pump-Turbines Based on Transient Characteristics in S-Shaped Region
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 138
(5
), p. 051302
.35.
IEC
, 1999
, “Hydraulic Turbines, Storage Pumps and Pump-Turbines–Model Acceptance Tests,” International Electrotechnical Commission
, Geneva, Switzerland
, Standard No. IEC 60193
.https://reference.globalspec.com/standard/3885471/iec-60193-1999-hydraulic-turbines-storage-pumps-and-pump-turbines-model-acceptance-tests36.
Schafer
, R. W.
, 2011
, “What is a Savitzky–Golay Filter
,” IEEE Signal Process. Mag.
, 28
(4
), pp. 111
–117
.37.
Yang
, W. J.
, Yang
, J. D.
, Guo
, W. C.
, Zeng
, W.
, Wang
, C.
, Saarinen
, L.
, and Norrlund
, P.
, 2015
, “A Mathematical Model and Its Application for Hydro Power Units Under Different Operating Conditions
,” Energies
, 8
(9
), pp. 10260
–10275
.38.
Wylie
, E. B.
, and Streeter
, V. L.
, 1993
, Fluid Transients in Systems
, Prentice Hall
, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
.39.
Yang
, J. B.
, and Yang
, J. D.
, 2012
, “B-Spline Surface Construction for the Complete Characteristics of Pump-Turbine
,” Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference
(APPEEC
), Shanghai, China, Mar. 27–29, pp. 1
–5
. 40.
Yonezawa
, K.
, Toyahara
, S.
, Motoki
, S.
, Tanaka
, H.
, Doerfler
, P.
, and Tsujimoto
, Y.
, 2014
, “Phase Resonance in Centrifugal Fluid Machinery
,” Int. J. Fluid Mach. Syst.
, 7
(2
), pp. 42
–53
.41.
Liu
, J.
, Liu
, S.
, Sun
, Y.
, Jiao
, L.
, Wu
, Y.
, and Wang
, L.
, 2013
, “Three-Dimensional Flow Simulation of Transient Power Interruption Process of a Prototype Pump-Turbine at Pump Mode
,” J. Mech. Sci. Technol.
, 27
(5
), pp. 1305
–1312
.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
