Numerical Study of the Injection Process in a Transonic Wind Tunnel—Part I: The Design Point

Injectors are to be installed in a transonic wind tunnel with the ultimate objective of expanding the Reynolds number envelope. The aim of this research effort is to numerically simulate the steady mixing process involving the supersonic jets and the tunnel subsonic main stream. A three-dimensional, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes numerical code was developed following the main lines of the finite-difference diagonal algorithm, and turbulence effects are accounted for through the use of the Spalart and Allmaras one-equation scheme. This paper focuses on the “design point” of the tunnel, which establishes (among other specifications) that the static pressures of both streams at the entrance of the injection chamber are equal. Three points are worth noting. The first is related to the numerical strategy that was introduced in order to mimic the real physical process in the entire circuit of the tunnel. The second corresponds to the solution per se of the three-dimensional mixing between several supersonic streams and the subsonic main flow. The third is the calculation of the “engineering” parameters, that is, the injection loss factor, gain, and efficiency. Many interesting physical aspects are discussed, and among them, the formation of three-dimensional shocks’ and expansions’ “domes”