This paper deals with the nature of the heterogeneous drag reduction which occurs in turbulent pipe flows when a concentrated polymer solution is injected into the pipe center. According to earlier concepts, the achieved drag reduction is due to a direct, large-scale interaction of the viscoelastic polymer thread with the turbulent flow field. The authors prove that the heterogeneous drag reduction originates exclusively from agglomerates of dissolved polymer molecules present in the flow.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
Topics:
Drag reduction,
Turbulence,
Pipe flow,
Pipes,
Elastomers,
Flow (Dynamics),
Polymer solutions,
Polymers,
Thread
1.
Achia
B. U.
Thompson
D. W.
1977
, “Structure of the Turbulent Boundary Layer in Drag-Reducing Pipe Flow
,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics
, 13 July, Vol. 81
, part 3, pp. 439
–64
.2.
Berman, N. S., 1989, Large Eddies and Polymer Strings, Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction, Gyr A., ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 275–88.
3.
Berman
N. S.
1986
, “Velocity Fluctuations in Non-Homogeneous Drag Reduction
,” Chem. Eng. Commun
, Vol. 42
, pp. 37
–51
.4.
Berner, C., Scrivener, O., 1980, “Drag Reduction and Structure of Turbulence in Dilute Polymer Solutions,” Viscous Flow Drag Reduction, Hough G. R., ed., Dallas, Texas, AIAA Inc. pp. 290–9.
5.
Bewersdorff
H.-W.
1984
, “Heterogeneous Drag Reduction in Turbulent Pipe Flow
,” Rheologica Acta
, Sept.-Oct., Vol. 23
, No. 5
, pp. 522
–43
.6.
Bewersdorff
H.-W.
Gyr
A.
Hoyer
K.
Tsinober
A.
1993
, “An Investigation of Possible Mechanisms of Heterogeneous Drag Reduction in Pipe and Channel Flows
. Rheologica Acta
, March-April, Vol. 32
, No. 2
, pp. 140
–9
.7.
Gampert
B.
Yong
C. K.
1989
, “Turbulent Viscoelastic Flow in a Square Channel
,” Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanics
, Vol. 69
, No. 6
, pp. 622
–4
.8.
Gyr, A., Bewersdorff, H.-W., 1995, Drag Reduction of Turbulent Flows by Additives, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dortrecht, Boston, London.
9.
Hinch
E. J.
1977
, “Mechanical models of dilute polymer solutions in strong flows
,” (Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction, Washington, DC, USA, 7–12 June 1976)., Physics of Fluids
, Oct., Vol. 20
, no. 10
, pt. 2, pp. 22
–30
.10.
Hinch
E. J.
Elata
C.
1979
, “Heterogeneity of dilute polymer solutions
,” Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 28 Aug.-1 Sept. 1978, Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics
, April, Vol. 5
, pp. 411
–25
.11.
Hoyer, K., Gyr, A., 1995, “Heterogeneous Drag Reduction,” Actes du 12e Congres Franc¸ais de Mechanique, Strassbourg, Vol. 3, pp. 313–316.
12.
Hoyer
K.
Gyr
A.
1996
, “Turbulent Velocity Field in Heterogeneously Drag Reduced Pipe Flow
,” Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics
, Vol. 65
, pp. 221
–40
.13.
Hoyer, K., 1994, “Heterogene Widerstandsverminderung in turbulenten Rohrs-tromungen,” PhD thesis No. 10525, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
14.
Hoyer
K.
Bewersdorff
H.-W.
Gyr
A.
1994
, “Drag reduction by an elastic rubber band?
,” Applied Scientific Research
, March, Vol. 52
, no. 2
, pp. 161
–8
.15.
Hoyer, K., Bewersdorff, H.-W., Gyr, A., Tsinober, A., 1992, “Studies on the Mechanism of Heterogeneous Drag Reduction,” Theor. and Applied Rheology, Moldenaers P., Keunings R., eds., Elsevier Science Publ., pp. 183–5.
16.
Hoyer, K., 1992, Presented at the XI International Congress of Rheology, Brussels, Belgium.
17.
Hoyt
J. W.
Sellin
R. H. J.
1991
, “Polymer ‘threads’ and drag reduction
,” Rheologica Acta
, July-Aug., Vol. 30
, No. 4
, pp. 307
–15
.18.
Luchik
T. S.
Tiederman
W. G.
1988
, “Turbulent structure in low-concentration drag-reducing channel flows
,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics
, May, Vol. 190
, pp. 241
–63
.19.
Lumley
J. L.
1969
, “Drag Reduction by Additives
,” Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.
, 1
, pp. 367
–84
.20.
McComb
W. D.
Rabie
L. H.
1982
, “Local Drag Reduction Due to Injection of Polymer Solutions into Turbulent Flow of a Pipe, Part 1: Dependence on local Polymer Concentration
,” AIChE Journal
, 28
(4
), pp. 547
–57
.21.
McComb
W. D.
Rabie
L. H.
1982
, “Part 2: Laser Doppler Measurements of Turbulent Structure
,” AICHE Journal
, Vol. 28
, No. 4
, pp. 558
–565
.22.
Oliver
D. R.
Bakhtiyarov
S. I.
1983
, “Drag reduction in exceptionally dilute polymer solutions
,” Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics
, Jan., Vol. 12
, No. 1
, pp. 113
–8
.23.
Perry
A. E.
Abell
C. A.
1975
, “Scaling laws for pipe flow turbulence
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 67
, pp. 257
–71
.24.
Saadeh
M.
Strehlow
A.
1997
, “The influence of the injection system on drag reduction
,” Rheologica Acta
, July-Aug., Vol. 32
, no. 4
, pp. 398
–404
.25.
Smith
R. E.
Tiederman
W. G.
1991
, “The mechanism of polymer thread drag reduction
,” Rheologica Acta
, March-April, Vol. 30
, no. 2
, pp. 103
–13
.26.
Stenberg
L. G.
Lagerstedt
T.
Sehlen
O.
Rune Lindgren
E.
1977
, “Mechanical mixing of polymer additive in turbulent drag reduction
,” Physics of Fluids
, May, Vol. 20
, No. 5
, pp. 858
–9
.27.
Toms, B. A., 1948, “Some Observations on the Flow of Linear Polymer Solutions through straight Tubes at large Reynolds numbers.,” Proceedings of the First international Conference on Rheology, Vol. 2, pp. 135–41. North Holland, Amsterdam.
28.
Usui
H.
Maeguchi
K.
Sano
Y.
1988
, “Drag reduction caused by the injection of polymer thread into a turbulent pipe flow
,” Physics of Fluids
, Sept., Vol. 31
, No. 9
, pp. 2518
–23
.29.
Virk, P. S., 1989, Discussion in Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction, Ed. Gyr A., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 591–3.
30.
Virk
P. S.
1975
, “Drag Reduction Fundamentals
,” AIChE Journal
, July, Vol. 21
, No. 4
, pp. 625
–56
.31.
Virk, P. S., Mickley, H. S., Smith, K. A., 1970, “The ultimate Asymptote and Mean Flow Structure in Toms’ Phenomenon,” ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Paper No.: 70-APM-HH.
32.
Vleggaar
J.
Tels
M.
1973
, “Drag reduction by polymer threads
,” Chemical Engineering Science
, March, Vol. 28
, No. 3
, pp. 965
–8
.33.
Wei
T.
Willmarth
W. W.
1992
, “Modifying turbulent structure with dragreducing polymer additives in turbulent channel flows
,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics
, Dec, Vol. 245
, pp. 619
–41
.34.
Wells, C. S., Spangler, J. G., 1967, Ling-Temco-Vought Research Center, Report No. 0–71000/TR-4.
This content is only available via PDF.
Copyright © 1998
by The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
