Abstract
In celebration of the 10th anniversary of the Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering this article will provide a retrospective of past research on intelligent systems in engineering design research, and new perspectives. Intelligent systems and expert design knowledge have become important and integral parts of systems that support product design; they are embedded in many CAD tools, design knowledge repositories, design assistants, and design critics. Such tools have become common place for assisting designers in creating new designs, modifying old ones, or storing expert design knowledge for later use by oneself, other designers or future generations. Intelligent systems are becoming increasingly important as computer technologies have matured, and global competition has demanded increasingly better products, faster. As these trends continue, intelligent systems will be increasingly necessary for competitiveness. This retrospective will present past advances in a range of areas from model-based and case-based reasoning, machine learning, biologically inspired design, creative design, and virtual design. The work described has roots in many disciplines including engineering, artificial intelligence, psychology, human factors and management science. We present this work with an aim to identify directions in which the field is moving, and more importantly, to gain insights into future directions and critical areas for future research investments.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
References
1.
Stahovich
,
T.
,
2001, “Artificial
Intelligence for Design
,” Formal Engineering Design
Synthesis
, E. K.
Antonsson
and
J.
Cagan
, eds.,
Cambridge University Press
,
Cambridge, UK
, pp.
228
–269
.2.
Tong
,
C.
, and
Sriram
,
D.
,
1992, Artificial Intelligence
in Engineering Design
, Academic
Press
, New
York
.3.
Tong
,
C.
, and
Sriram
,
D.
,
1992,
“Introduction
,” Artificial
Intelligence in Engineering Design
, Academic
Press
, Vol. 3
, Chap. I.4.
Tong
,
C.
, and
Sriram
,
D.
,
1992,
“Introduction
,” Artificial
Intelligence in Engineering Design
, Academic
Press
, New York
, pp.
1
–53
.5.
Brown
, D.
C.
, 1992,
“Design
,” Encyclopedia of Artificial
Intelligence
, 2nd ed., S. C.
Shapiro
, ed.,
Wiley
, New
York
.6.
Tomiyama
,
T.
,
2007, “Intelligent
Computer-Aided Design Systems: Past 20 Years and Future 20
Years?
” Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal.
Manuf.
, 21
(1
), pp.
27
–29
.7.
Fuegi
,
J.
, and
Francis
,
J.
,
2003, “Lovelace &
Babbage and the Creation of the 1843 ‘Notes’
,” IEEE
Ann.
, 25
(4
), pp.
16
–26
.8.
Newell
,
A.
, and
Simon
, H.
A.
, 1956,
“The Logic Theory Machine: A Complex Information Processing
System
,” Rand Corporation Report, Report No. P.
868
.9.
Newell
,
A.
, and
Simon
, H.
A.
, 1972,
Human Problem Solving,
Prentice Hall
, Englewood Cliffs,
NJ
.10.
Sathyanarayana
,
K.
, and
Kumar
,
R.
,
2008, “Evolution of
Computer Graphics and its Impact on Engineering Product
Development
,” Fifth International Conference on
Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization,
August 26–28,
IEEE Computer Society
.11.
Sutherland
, I.
E.
, 1963,
“Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication
System
,” Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, MA. (Also published as University of Cambridge Technical
Report, Report No. UCAM-CL-TR-574,
2003.)12.
Simon
, H.
A.
, 1969,
The Sciences of the Artificial
, 1st ed.,
MIT Press
, Cambridge,
MA
.13.
Goel
,
A.
, and
Gomez de Silva Garcia
,
A.
,
2010, “Special Issue on
Artificial Intelligence in Design
,” ASME J. Comput.
Inf. Sci. Eng.
, 10
(3
), p.
030301
.14.
McDonough
, E.
F.
, Kahnb
, K.
B.
, and Barczak
,
G.
,
2001, “An Investigation
of the Use of Global, Virtual and Collocated New Product Development
Teams
,” J. Prod. Innovation Manage.
,
18
(2
), pp.
110
–120
.15.
Barczak
,
G.
, and
McDonough
, E.
F.
, 2003,
“Managing Global New Product Development
Teams
,” working paper number 03-001, Institute for
Global Innovation Management
, Northeastern
University
, Boston,
MA
.16.
Hayes
, C.
C.
, 2010,
“Barriers to Collaboration in Global Teams: A Case
Study
,” Virtual Engineering
, J.
Cecil
, ed.,
Momentum Press
, New
York
.17.
McDonough
, E.
F.
, Kahn
, K.
B.
, and Griffin
,
A.
,
1999, “Managing
Communication in Global Product Development Teams
,”
IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage.
,
46
(4
), pp.
375
–386
.18.
Finger
,
S.
, and
Dixon
,
J.
,
1989, “A Review of
Mechanical Engineering Design – I
,” Res. Eng.
Des.
, 1
(1
), pp.
51
–67
.19.
Finger
,
S.
, and
Dixon
,
J.
,
1989, “A Review of
Mechanical Engineering Design – II
,” Res. Eng.
Des.
, 1
(2
), pp.
121
–137
.20.
Dym
, C.
L.
, and Levitt
, R.
E.
, 1991,
Knowledge-Based Systems in Engineering
,
McGraw Hill, Inc.
, New
York
.21.
Dym
,
C.
,
1994, Engineering Design: A
Synthesis of Views
, Cambridge University
Press
, Cambridge,
UK
.22.
23.
Sussman
, G.
J.
, 1977,
“Electrical Design: A Problem for Artificial Intelligence
Research
,” Proceedings of the 5th International
Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-77),
Vol.
2
, Cambridge,
MA
.24.
McDermott
, D.
V.
, 1978,
“Circuit Design as Problem Solving
,”
AI and Pattern Recognition,
J.
C.
Latombe
, ed.,
CAD
,
North-Holland
, pp.
227
–245
.25.
Latombe
, J.
C.
, ed.,
1978, “Artificial
intelligence and pattern Recognition in CAD
,”
Proceedings of the International Federation for Information
Processing (IFIP) Working Conference
, Grenoble, France, March
17–19, North-Holland Publishing Company
,
Amsterdam; New York
.26.
Latombe
, J.
C.
, 1979,
“Failure Processing In a System for Designing Complex
Assemblies
,” Proceedings of the 6th International
Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
IJCAI-79,
Morgan Kaufman Publishers
,
Tokyo, Japan
, Vol. I
, pp.
508
–515
.27.
McDermott
,
J.
,
1982, “R1: A Rule-Based
Configurer of Computer Systems
,” Artif.
Intell.
, 19
(1
), pp.
39
–88
.28.
McDermott
,
J.
,
1993, R1 “(‘XCON’) at
Age 12: Lessons From an Elementary School Achiever
,”
Artif. Intell.
, 59
, pp.
241
–248
.29.
Brown
, D.
C.
, and Chandrasekaran
,
B.
,
1986, “Knowledge and
Control for a Mechanical Design Expert System
,” IEEE
Comput. Graphics Appl.
19
(7
), pp.
92
–100
.30.
Brown
, D.
C.
, and Chandrasekaran
,
B.
,
1989, Design Problem Solving:
Knowledge Structures and Control Strategies
, Morgan
Kaufmann
, San Mateo,
CA
.31.
Mittal
,
S.
,
Dym
,
C.
, and
Morjaria
,
M.
,
1986, “PRIDE: An Expert
System for the Design of Paper Handling Systems
,”
IEEE Comput.
, 19
(7
), pp.
102
–114
.32.
Steinberg
,
L.
,
1987, “Design as
Refinement Plus Constraint Propagation: The VEXED
Experience
,” Proceedings of the National Conference on
AI (AAAI-87)
, July 1987,
Seattle
.33.
Marcus
,
S.
,
Stout
,
J.
, and
McDermott
,
J.
,
1988, “VT: An Expert
Elevator Designer that Uses Knowledge-Based Backtracking
,
AI Mag.
, 9
(1
), pp.
95
–111
.34.
Hsi
,
S.
,
Agogino
, A.
M.
, Barker
,
M.
, and
Yazdani-Kachoee
,
B.
,
1988, “ADIS: Assistive
Device Interface Selector for the Disabled
,”
Proceedings of the ASME International Computers in Engineering
Conference
, July 31–August 3, San Francisco,
CA
, Vol. 1
, pp.
109
–114
.35.
Stumptner
,
M.
,
1997, “An Overview of
Knowledge-Based Configuration
,” AI Comm.
,
10
(2
), pp.
111
–125
.36.
Bobrow
, D.
G.
, and Stefik
, M.
J.
, 1986,
“Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence
Programming
,” Science
,
231
(4741
), pp.
951
–957
.37.
Silverman
, B.
G.
, 1992,
“Survey of Expert Critiquing Systems: Practical and
Theoretical Frontiers
,” Commun. ACM
,
35
(4
), pp.
106
–127
.38.
Silverman
, B.
G.
, and Mezher
, T.
M.
, 1992,
“Expert Critics in Engineering Design: Lessons Learned and
Research Needs
,” AI Mag.
,
13
(1
), pp.
45
–62
.39.
Gupta
, S.
K.
, Regli
, W.
C.
, and Nau
, D.
S.
, 1994,
“Integrating {DFM} With {CAD} Through Design
Critiquing
,” Concurr. Eng. Res. Appl.
,
2
(2
), pp.
85
–95
.40.
Gupta
, S.
K.
, Das
,
D.
,
Regli
, W.
C.
, and Nau
,
D.
,
1997, “Automated
Manufacturability Analysis: A Survey
,” Res. Eng.
Des.
, 9
(3
), pp.
168
–190
.41.
Gupta
, S.
K.
; Regli
, W.
C.
, and Nau
, D.
S.
, 1998,
“IMACS: A Case Study in Real-World Planning
,”
IEEE Intell. Syst.
, 13
(3
),
pp. 39
–51
.42.
Fu
, M.
C.
, Hayes
, C.
C.
, and East
, E.
W.
, 1997,
“SEDAR: Expert Critiquing System for Flat and Low-Slope Roof
Design and Review
,” J. Comput. Civ. Eng.
,
2
(1
), pp.
60
–68
.43.
Smith
,
P.
,
Beaty
,
R.
,
Hayes
,
C.
,
Larson
,
A.
,
Geddes
, N.
D.
, and Dorneich
,
M.
,
2011, The Human-Computer
Interaction Handbook
, A.
Sears
, and
J.
Jacko
, eds.,
Taylor and Francis
,
London
.44.
Fischer
,
G.
,
Lemke
, A.
C.
, Mastaglio
,
T.
, and
Morch
, A.
I.
, 1991,
“The Role of Critiquing in Cooperative Problem Solving,
Association of Computing Machinery Transactions on Information
Systems
,” Spec. Issue Comput.-Hum.
Interact.
, 9
(2
), pp.
123
–151
.45.
Guerlain
, S.
A.
, Smith
, P.
J.
, Obradovich
, J.
H.
, Rudman
,
S.
,
Strohm
,
P.
,
Smith
, J.
W.
, Sviberly
,
J.
, and
Sachs
,
L.
,
1999, “Interactive
Critiquing as a Form of Decision Support: an Empirical
Evaluation
,” Hum. Factors
,
41
(1
), pp.
72
–89
.46.
47.
deKleer
,
J.
, and
Williams
, B.
C.
, 1987,
“Diagnosing Multiple Faults
,” Artif.
Intell.
, 32
, pp.
97
–130
.48.
Chandrasekaran
,
B.
,
1994, “Functional
Representation: A Brief Historical Perspective
,”
Appl. Artif. Intell.
, 8
(2
),
pp. 173
–197
.49.
Vesely
, W.
E.
, Goldberg
, F.
F.
, Roberts
, N.
H.
, and Haasl
, D.
F.
, 1981,
“Fault Tree Handbook”, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington
D.C.50.
Greenfield
, M.
A.
, 2000,
“NASA’s Use of Quantitative Risk Assessment for Safety
Upgrades
,” IAAA Symposium
,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
.51.
Bedford
,
and Cooke
(2001).52.
Stamatelatos
,
M.
, and
Apostolakis
,
G.
,
2002, Probabilistic Risk
Assessment Procedures Guide for NASA Managers and Practitioners
,
v1.1
, NASA, Safety and Mission
Assurance
, Wahington,
D.C
.53.
Henderson
, M.
R.
, 1983,
“Representing Functionality and Design Intent in Product
Models
,” Proceedings on the Second ACM Symposium on
Solid Modeling and Applications
,
ACM
.54.
Rinderle
, J.
R.
, 1986,
“Implications of Function-Form Fabrication Relations on
Design Decomposition Strategies
,” Proceedings of the
1986 ASME International Computers in Engineering Conference and
Exhibition
, Chicago
, pp.
193
–198
.55.
Goel
,
A.
, and
Chandrasekaran
,
B.
,
1989, “Functional
Representation of Designs and Redesign Problem Solving
,”
Eleventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
(IJCAI-89)
, Detroit, MI
, pp.
1388
–1394
.56.
Goel
,
A.
, and
Stroulia
,
E.
,
1996, “Functional Device
Models and Model-Based Diagnosis in Adaptive Design
,”
Artif. Intell. Eng. Des., Anal. Manuf.
,
10
, pp. 355
–370
.57.
Rasmussen
,
J.
,
1985, “The Role of
Hierarchical Knowledge Representation in Decision Making and System
Management
,” IEEE Trans. Syst., Man,
Cybern.
, 15
(2
), pp.
234
–243
.58.
Umeda
,
Y.
,
Tomiyama
,
T.
, and
Yoshikawa
,
H.
,
1992, “A Design
Methodology for a Self-Maintenance Machine Based on Functional
Redundancy
,” ASME International Design Theory and
Methodology Conference
, Vol. 42
, pp.
317
–324
.59.
Umeda
,
Y.
,
Tomiyama
,
T.
,
Yoshikawa
,
H.
, and
Shimomura
,
Y.
,
1994, “Using Functional
Maintenance to Improve Fault Tolerance
,” IEEE
Expert: Intell. Syst. Appl.
, 9
(3
),
pp. 25
–31
.60.
Hirtz
,
J.
,
Stone
,
R.
,
McAdams
,
D.
,
Szygman
,
S.
,
Wood
,
K.
,
2002, “A Functional
Basis for Engineering Design: Reconciling and Evolving Previous
Efforts
,” Res. Eng. Des.
,
13
(2
), pp.
65
–82
.61.
Wang
,
K.-L.
, and
Jin
,
Y.
,
2002, “An Analytical
Approach to Functional Design
,” International Design
Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in
Engineering Conference
, Montreal,
Canada
.62.
Huang
,
Z.
, and
Jin
,
Y.
,
2008, “Stress and
Conceptual Strength for functional design for reliability
,”
International Design Engineering Technical Conferences &
Computers and Information in Engineering Conference,
ASME
, Brooklyn,
NY
.63.
Mehr
, A.
F.
, and Tumer
I. Y.
, 2006,
“Risk Based Decision Making for Managing Resources During the
Design of Complex Aerospace Systems
,” ASME J. Mech.
Des.
, 128
(4
), pp.
1014
–1022
.64.
Paasch
, R.
K.
, and Ruff
,
D.
,
1996, “Consideration of
Failure Diagnosis in Conceptual Design of Mechanical
Systems
,” J. Mech. Des.
,
118
(4
), pp.
57
–65
.65.
Hoyle
,
C.
,
Tumer
, I.
Y.
, Mehr
, A.
F.
, and Chen
,
W.
,
2009, “Health Management
Allocation During Conceptual System Design
,” J.
Comput. Inform. Sci. Eng.
9
(2
), p. 021002
.66.
Agogino
, A.
M.
, and Almgren, A.,
1987, “Techniques for
Integrating Qualitative Reasoning and Symbolic Computation in Engineering
Optimization
,” Engineering Optimization
,
12
(2
), pp.
117
–135
.67.
Qian
,
L.
, and
Gero
,
J.
,
1996,
“Function-Behaviour-Structure Paths and their Role in
Analogy-Based Design
,” Artif. Intell. Eng. Des.,
Anal. Manuf.
, 10
, pp.
289
–312
.68.
Sasajima
,
M.
,
Kitamura
,
Y.
,
Mitsuru
,
I.
, and
Mizoguchi
,
R.
,
1996, “A Representation
Language for Behavior and Function: FBRL
,” Expert
Syst. Appl.
10
(3/4
).69.
Umeda
,
Y.
, and
Tomiyama
,
T.
,
1997, “Functional
Reasoning in Design
,” IEEE Expert Intell. Syst.
Appl.
, 12
(2
), pp.
42
–48
.70.
Pahl
,
G.
, and
Beitz
,
W.
,
1996, Engineering Design: A
Systematic Approach
, 2nd ed., English edition,
Wallace
,
K.
, ed.,
Springer-Verlag London Limited, Printed in Great
Britain
.71.
Hubka
,
V.
, and
Eder
, W.
E.
, 1988,
Theory of Technical Systems
,
Springer-Verlag
,
Berlin
.72.
73.
Chakrabarti
,
A.
, and
Bligh
,
T.
,
2001, “A Scheme for
Functional Reasoning in Design
,” Des.
Stud.
, 22
(6
), pp.
493
–517
.74.
Bhatta
,
S.
, and
Goel
,
A.
,
1994, “Model-Based
Discovery of Physical Principles from Design Experiences
,”
AI Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf., Spec. Issue Mach. Learn. Des.
,
8
(2
), pp.
113
–12
.75.
Bhatta
,
S.
, and
Goel
,
A.
,
1996, “Model-Based
Indexing and Index Learning in Engineering Design
,”
Eng. Appl. AI, Spec. Issue Mach. Learn. Eng.
,
9
(6
), pp.
601
–610
.76.
Hata
,
T.
,
Kobayashi
,
N.
,
Kimura
,
F.
, and
Suzuki
,
H.
,
2000, “Representation of
Functional Relations Among Parts and its Application to Product Failure
Reasoning
,” Journal for Manufacturing Science and
Production
, 3
(2–4
), pp.
77
–84
.77.
Kurtoglu
,
T.
, and
Tumer
, I.
Y.
, 2008,
“A Graph Based Fault Identification and Propagation Framework
for Functional Design of Complex Systems
,” ASME J.
Mech. Des.
30
(5
), p. 051401
.78.
Jensen
,
D.
,
Tumer
, I.
Y.
, and Kurtoglu
,
T.
,
2009, “Flow State Logic
(FSL) for Analysis of Failure Propagation in Early Design
,”
International Design Theory and Methodology Conference,
IDETC/CIE
, ASME
,
San Diego, CA
.79.
Kurtoglu
,
T.
,
Tumer
, I.
Y.
, and Jensen
,
D.
,
2010, “A Functional
Failure Reasoning Methodology for Evaluation of Conceptual System
Architectures
,” Res. Eng. Des.
,
21
(4
), pp.
209
–234
.80.
Tumer
, I.
Y.
, and Smidts
, C.
S.
, 2011,
“Integrated Design and Analysis of Software-Driven Hardware
Systems
,” IEEE Trans. Comput., Spec. Issue Sci. Des
Saf.-Crit. Syst.
(in
press).81.
Riesbeck
,
C.
, and
Schank
,
R.
,
1989, Inside Case-Based
Reasoning
, Lawrence Erlbaum
,
USA
.82.
Kolodner
,
J.
,
1993, Case-Based
Reasoning
, Morgan Kauffman
,
CA
.83.
Navinchandra
,
D.
,
1988, “Case-Based
Reasoning in CYCLOPS: A Design Problem Solver
,”
Proceedings of the First DARPA Workshop on Case-Based
Reasoning
, Morgan Kaufman
Publishers
,
CA
.84.
85.
Maher
,
M.
, and
Zhao
,
F.
,
1986, “Using Experiences
to Plan the Synthesis of New Designs
,” Expert
Systems in Computer-Aided Design
, J.
Gero
, ed.,
North-Holland, Amsterdam
,
Netherlands
, pp.
349
–369
.86.
Zhao
,
F.
, and
Maher
,
M.
,
1988, “Using Analogical
Reasoning to Design Buildings
,” Eng.
Comput.
, 4
, pp.
107
–122
.87.
Huhns
,
M.
, and
Acosta
,
E.
,
1988, “Argo: A System
for Design by Analogy
,” IEEE Expert
,
3
(3
), pp.
53
–68
.88.
Goel
,
A.
, and
Chandrasekaran
,
B.
,
1988, “Integrating
Case-Based and Model-Based Reasoning for Design Problem
Solving
,” AAAI-88 Workshop on Design, St. Paul,
Minnesota
.89.
Goel
,
A.
,
1992, “Integrating
Case-Based and Model-Based Reasoning: A Computational Model of Design
Problem Solving
,” AI Mag.
,
13
(2
), pp.
50
–54
.90.
Maher
, M.
L.
, and Gomez
,
A.
,
1997, “Case-Based
Reasoning in Design
,” IEEE Expert.
12
(2
), pp.
34
–41
.91.
Maher
,
M.
, and
Pu
,
P.
, eds.,
1997, Issues and Applications
of Case-Based Reasoning in Design
, Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates
, Mahwah,
NJ
.92.
Pearce
,
M.
,
Goel
,
A.
,
Kolodner
,
J.
,
Zimring
,
C.
,
Sentosa
,
L.
, and
Billington
,
R.
,
1992, “Case-Based
Decision Support: A Case Study in Architectural Design
,”
IEEE Expert
, 7
(5
), pp.
14
–20
.93.
Sycara
,
K.
, and
Navinchandra
,
D.
,
1992, “Retrieval
Strategies in a Case-Based Design System
,”
Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Design
, Vol.
II.
, C.
Tong
, and
D.
Sriram
, eds.,
Academic Press
, New
York
, pp.
145
–163
.94.
Domeshek
,
E.
, and
Kolodner
,
J.
,
1993, “Using the Points
of Large Cases
,” Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal.
Manuf.
, 7
, pp.
87
–96
.95.
Bradley
, S.
R.
, and Agogino
, A.
M.
, 1991,
“A Multimedia Concept Database for Improved Life Cycle
Design
,” Engineering Databases; An Enterprise
Resource
, V.
Saxena
, ed., Proceedings
of the 1991 ASME Engineering Database Symposium,
ASME
, pp.
121
–128
.96.
Boyle
, I.
M.
, Rong
,
K.
, and
Brown
, D.
C.
, 2006,
“CAFixD: A Case-Based Reasoning Fixture Design Method.
Framework and Indexing Mechanisms
,” ASME J. Comput.
Inform. Sci. Eng.
, 6
(1
), p.
40
.97.
Gebhardt
,
F.
,
Voß
,
A.
,
Gräther
,
W.
, and
Schmidt-Belz
,
B.
,
1997, Reasoning With Complex
Cases
, Kluwer, Norwell,
MA
.98.
Börner
,
K.
,
Coulon
,
C.
,
Pippig
,
G.
, and
Tammer
, E.
C.
, 1996,
“Structural Similarity and Adaptation, Advances in Case-based
Reasoning
,” Proceedings of the Third European
Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning (EWCBR-96)
, I.
Smith
, and
B.
Faltings
, eds., Lecture
Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer
Verlag
,
Berlin
.99.
Smith
,
I.
,
Lottaz
,
C.
, and
Faltings
,
I.
,
1995, “Spatial
Composition Using Cases: IDIOM
,” Lect. Notes Comput.
Sci.
, 1010
, pp.
88
–97
.100.
Hua
,
K.
,
Faltings
,
B.
, and
Smith
,
I.
,
1996, “CADRE: Case-Based
Geometric Design
,” Artificial Intell. Eng.
,
10
(2
), pp.
171
–183
.101.
Louis, S.
1997, “Working from
Blueprints: Evolutionary Learning in Design
,” Artif.
Intell. Eng.
, 11
(3
), pp.
335
–341
.102.
Cobb
, C.
L.
, and Agogino
, A.
M.
, 2010,
“Case-Based Reasoning for Evolutionary
Design
,” ASME J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng.
,
10
(3
), p. 031005
.103.
Maher
, M.
L.
, Balachandran
,
B.
, and
Zhang
, D.
M.
, 1995,
Case-Based Reasoning in Design
, Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates
, Hillsdale,
NJ
.104.
Pu
,
P.
, and
Reschberger
,
M.
,
1991, “Assembly Sequence
Planning Using Case-Based Reasoning Techniques
,”
Knowledge-Based Syst.
,
4
(3
), pp.
123
–130
.105.
Bhansali
,
S.
, and
Harandi
,
M.
,
1993, “Synthesis of UNIX
Programs Using Derivational Analogy
,” Machine
Learn.
, 10
, pp.
7
–55
.106.
Smyth
,
B.
, and
Keane
,
M.
,
1996, “Design à la Déjà
Vu: Reducing the Adaptation Overhead
,” Case-Based
Reasoning: Experiences, Lessons and Future Directions
,
D.
B.
Leake
, ed.,
AAAI Press/The MIT Press
,
Menlo Park, CA
, pp.
151
–166
.107.
Barber
,
J.
,
Bhatta
,
S.
,
Goel
,
A.
,
Jacobson
,
M.
,
Pearce
,
M.
,
Penberthy
,
L.
,
Shankar
,
M.
,
Simpson
,
R.
, and
Stroulia
,
E.
,
1992, “AskJef:
Integration of Case-Based and Multimedia Technologies for Interface Design
Support
,” Artificial Intelligence in Design
‘92
, J. S.
Gero
, ed.,
Kluwer, Dordrecht
, pp.
457
–474
.108.
Gross
,
M.
, and
Do
,
E.
,
2000, “Drawing on the
Back of an Envelope: A Framework for Interacting With Application Programs
by Freehand Drawing
,” Comput. Graphics
,
24
(6
), pp.
835
–849
.109.
Yaner
,
P.
, and
Goel
,
A.
,
2006, “Visual Analogy:
Viewing Retrieval and Mapping as Constraint Satisfaction
,”
J. Appl. Intell.
, 25
(1
),
pp. 91
–105
.110.
Davies
,
J.
,
Goel
,
A.
, and
Nersessian
,
N.
,
2009, “A Computational
Model of Visual Analogies in Design
,” J. Cognit.
Syst. Res.
, 10
, pp.
204
–215
.111.
Sim
,
S.
, and
Duffy
,
A.
,
1998, “A Foundation for
Machine Learning in Design
,” Artif. Intell. Eng.
Des. Anal. Manuf.
, 12
(2
), pp.
193
–209
.112.
Sim
,
S.
, and
Duffy
,
A.
,
2004, “Evolving a Model
of Learning in Design
,” Res. Eng. Des.
,
15
(1
), pp.
40
–61
.113.
Grecu
, D.
L.
, and Brown
, D.
C.
, 1998,
Dimensions of Machine Learning in Design
,
AIEDAM
, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge
, Vol. 12
, pp.
117
–122
.114.
Maher
, M.
L.
, and Li
,
H.
,
1994, “Learning of
Design Concepts Using Machine Learning Techniques
,”
Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf.
, 8
,
pp. 95
–111
.115.
Reich
,
Y.
,
1993, “The Development
of BRIDGER: A Methodological Study of Research on the Use of Machine
Learning in Design
,” Artif. Intell. Eng.
,
8
(3
), pp.
217
–231
.116.
Arciszewski
,
T.
,
Bloedorn
,
E.
,
Michalski
,
R.
,
Mustafa
,
M.
, and
Wnek
,
J.
,
1994, “Machine Learning
of Design Rules: Methodology and Case Study
,” ASCE
J. Comput. Civ. Eng.
, 8
(3
), pp.
286
–308
.117.
Stahovich
,
T.
,
2000, “LearnIT: An
Instance-Based Approach Learning and Reusing Design
Strategies
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
,
122
, pp. 149
–156
.118.
Alexander
,
C.
,
1964, Notes on the Synthesis of
Form
, Harvard University Press
,
Cambridge
.119.
Alexander
,
C.
,
Ishikawa
,
S.
, and
Silverstein
,
M.
,
1977, “A Pattern
Language—Towns, Buildings, Construction
,” Oxford
University Press
,
USA
.120.
Gomez da Silva Garza
,
A.
, and
Zamora
,
A.
,
2011, “Evaluating an
Evolutionary Method of Design Style Imitation
,”
Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf.
,
25
(1
), pp
1
–14
.121.
Jo
,
J.
, and
Gero
,
J.
,
1998, “Space Layout
Planning Using an Evolutionary Approach
,” Artif.
Intell. Eng.
, 12
(3
), pp.
149
–162
.122.
Li
,
L.
,
Huang
, G.
Q.
, and Newman
, S.
T.
, 2007,
“Robotics and Computer-Integrated
Manufacturing
,” 16th International
Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent
Manufacturing
, 23
(6
), pp.
650
–658
.123.
Huang
, G.
Q.
, Li
,
L.
, and
Chen
,
X.
,
2007, “A Tandem
Evolutionary Algorithm for Platform Product Customization
,”
J. Comput. Inform. Sci. Eng.
,
7
(2
), pp.
151
–159
.124.
Cobb
, C.
L.
, Zhang
,
Y.
,
Agogino
, A.
M.
, and Mangold
,
J.
,
2008, “Knowledge-Based
Evolutionary Linkages in MEMS Design Synthesis
,”
Linkage in Evolutionary Computation
,
Springer
, Berlin,
Heidelberg
, pp.
461
–483
.125.
Eby
,
D.
,
Averill
,
R.
,
Punch
,
W.
, and
Goodman
,
E.
,
1999, “Optimal Design of
Flywheels Using an Injection Island Genetic Algorithm
,”
AI Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf.
, 13
, pp.
327
–340
.126.
Rasheed
,
K.
,
Hirsh
,
H.
, and
Gelsey
,
A.
,
1997, “A Genetic
Algorithm for Continuous Design Space Search
,”
Artif. Intell. Eng.
, 11
(3
),
pp. 295
–305
.127.
Cagan
,
J.
, and
Agogino
, A.
M.
, 1987,
“Innovative Design of Mechanical Structures from First
Principles
,” AI Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf.
,
1
, pp.
169
–189
.128.
Stiny
,
G.
,
1980, “Introduction to
Shape and Shape Grammars
,” Environ. Plan. B: Plan.
Des
, 7
(3
), pp.
343
–351
.129.
Fitzhorn
,
P.
,
1992, “Formal Graph
Languages of Shape?
” Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal.
Manuf.
, 4
(3
), pp.
151
–163
.130.
Schmidt
, L.
C.
, and Cagan
,
J.
,
1996, “Grammars for
Machine Design
,” Artificial Intelligence in Design
‘96
, J. S.
Gero
, and
F.
Sudweeks
, eds.,
Kluwer Academic Publishers
,
Dordrecht
, pp.
325
–344
.131.
Shea
,
K.
, and
Cagan
,
J.
,
1996, “Innovative Dome
Design: Applying Geodesic Patterns with Shape Annealing
,”
Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf. (AIEDAM)
,
11
, pp.
379
–394
.132.
133.
Wills
,
L.
, and
Kolodner
,
J.
,
1994, “Towards More
Creative Case-Based Design Systems
, Proceedings of
the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence
,
AAAI Press/The MIT Press
,
Menlo Park, CA
, pp.
50
–55
.134.
Cobb
, C.
L.
, Zhang
,
Y.
,
Agogino
, A.
M.
, and Mangold
,
J.
,
2007, “Case-Based
Reasoning and Object-Oriented Data Structures Exploit Biological Analogs to
Generate Virtual Evolutionary Linkages
,”
Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary
Computation (CEC2007)
,
Singapore
, Paper No. 1784, pp.
334
–341
.135.
Hey
,
J.
,
Linsey
,
J.
,
Agogino
, A.
M.
, and Wood
, K.
L.
, 2008,
“Analogies and Metaphors in Creative Design,” Int. J. Eng.
Educ.
, 24
(2
), pp.
283
–294
.136.
Kolb
, E. M.
W.
, Hey
,
J.
,
Agogino
, A.
M.
, and Sebastian
,
H.-J.
,
2008, “Meta4acle:
Generating Compelling Metaphors for Design
,”
Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Deign Theory and
Methodology
, DETC2008-49331, August 3–6, New York
City, NY
.137.
Altshuller
,
G.
,
1984, Creativity as an
Exact Science: The Theory of the Solution of Inventive
Problems
, Translated from Russian by A. Williams
(1988)
, Gordon & Breach
,
NJ
.138.
Joskowicz
,
L.
,
Sacks
,
E.
, and
Srinivasan
,
V.
,
1997, “Kinematics
Tolerance Analysis
,” CAD
,
29
(2
), pp.
147
–157
.139.
Stahovich
,
T.
,
Davis
,
R.
, and
Shrobe
,
H.
,
1998, “Generating
Multiple New Designs from a Sketch
,” Artif.
Intell.
, 104
(1–2
), pp.
211
–264
.140.
Yaner
,
P.
, and
Goel
,
A.
,
2008, “From Design
Drawings to Structural Models by Compositional Analogy
,”
Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf., Spec. Issue Multimodal
Des.
, 22
(2
), pp.
117
–128
.141.
Daft
, R.
L.
, and Lengel
, R.
H.
, 1986,
“Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and
Structural Design
,” Manage. Sci.
,
32
(5
), pp.
554
–571
.142.
Handy
,
C.
,
1995, “Trust and the
Virtual Organization
,” Harvard Bus. Rev.
,
73
(3
), pp.
4
–50
.143.
Song
,
M.
,
Berends
,
H.
,
van der Bij
,
H.
, and
Weggeman
,
M.
,
2007, “The Effect of IT
and Co-location on Knowledge Dissemination
,” J.
Prod. Innovation Manage.
, 24
, pp.
52
–68
.144.
Tang
, J.
C.
, and Leifer
, L.
J.
, 1988,
“A Framework for Understanding the Workspace Activity of
Design Teams
,” Assoc. Comput. Mach.
, pp.
244
–249
.145.
Minneman
, S.
L.
, and Bly
, S.
A.
, 1991,
“Managing a Trois: A Study of a Multi-user Drawing Tool in
Distributed Design Work
,” Conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems, Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems: Reaching Through Technology
,
New Orleans, Louisiana
,
United States
, pp.
217
–224
.146.
Emmorey
,
K.
, and
Casey
,
S.
,
2001, “Gesture, Thought,
and Spatial Language
,” Gesture
,
1
(1
), pp.
35
–50
.147.
Fussel
, S.
R.
, Setlock
, L.
D.
, Yang
,
J.
,
Ou
,
J.
,
Mauer
,
E.
, and
Kramer
, A. D.
I.
, 2004,
“Gesture Over Video Streams to Support Remote Collaboration
on Physical Tasks
,” Hum.-Comput. Interact.
,
19
, pp. 273
–309
.148.
Shah
,
J.
,
Smith
,
S.
, and
Vargas-Hernandez
,
N.
,
2003, “Metrics for
Measuring Ideation Effectiveness
,” Des.
Stud.
, 24
(2
), pp.
111
–134
.149.
Bar-Cohen
,
Y.
, ed.,
2006, Biomimetics: Biologically Inspired Technologies
,
Taylor & Francis
,
London
,
2006.150.
Benyus
,
J.
,
1997, Biomimicry: Innovation
Inspired by Nature
, William
Morrow
, New
York
.151.
Vincent
,
J.
, and
Mann
,
D.
,
2002, “Systematic
Transfer from Biology to Engineering
,” Philos.
Trans. R. Soc. London
, 360
, pp.
159
–173
.152.
Fogel
, D.
B.
, 2006,
Evolutionary Computation: Toward a New Philosophy of Machine
Intelligence
, 3rd ed., IEEE
Press
, Piscataway,
NJ
.153.
Maher
, M.
L.
, and Fisher
,
D.
,
2010, “Call for Papers
for AAAI Spring Symposium on AI and Sustainable Design
,”
http://www.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/~dfisher/AI-Design-Sustainability.htmlhttp://www.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/~dfisher/AI-Design-Sustainability.html.Copyright © 2011
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
