A custom program for the processing of pressure sensitive (Fuji) film data is presented and validated in this paper. Some of the shortcomings of previous descriptions of similar programs in literature are addressed. These shortcomings include incomplete descriptions of scan resolution, processing technique, and accuracy of results. Of these, the accuracy of results is the most important and is addressed in this study by using Fuji film calibration data. In Fuji film calibration, known loads are applied to forms with known area. The accuracy of this program and that of the two commercially available image processing programs were determined. The results of the custom program are found to be within 10% of the results from the commercial programs and from experimental data. This level of accuracy is the same reported level of accuracy of Fuji film, verifying the custom program for use in Fuji film contact pressure and area measurements.

1.
Fukubayashi
,
T.
, and
Kurosawa
,
H.
, 1980, “
The Contact Area and Pressure Distribution Pattern of the Knee. A Study of Normal and Osteoarthrotic Knee Joints
,”
Acta Orthop. Scand.
0001-6470,
51
, pp.
871
879
.
2.
Liggins
,
A. B.
, and
Finlay
,
J. B.
, 1992, “
Recording Contact Areas and Pressures in Joint Interfaces
,”
Proceedings of the International Conference on Experimental Mechanics: Technology Transfer Between High Tech Engineering and Biomechanics
, 1992, Limerick, Ireland,
Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.
3.
McGinley
,
J. C.
,
Hopgood
,
B. C.
,
Gaughan
,
J. P.
,
Sadeghipour
,
K.
, and
Kozin
,
S. H.
, 2003, “
Forearm and Elbow Injury: the Influenceof Rotational Position
,”
J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol.
0021-9355
85A
, pp.
2403
2409
.
4.
Wang
,
C. L.
,
Cheng
,
C. K.
,
Chen
,
C. W.
,
Lu
,
C. M.
,
Hang
,
Y. S.
, and
Liu
,
T. K.
, 1995, “
Contact Areas and Pressure Distributions in the Subtalar Joint
,”
J. Biomech.
0021-9290,
28
, pp.
269
279
.
5.
Wolchok
,
J. C.
,
Hull
,
M. L.
, and
Howell
,
S. M.
, 1998, “
The Effect of Intersegmental Knee Moments on Patellofemoral Contact Mechanics in Cycling
,”
J. Biomech.
0021-9290,
31
, pp.
677
683
.
6.
Singerman
,
R. J.
,
Pederson
,
D. R.
, and
Brown
,
T. D.
, 1987, “
Quantitation of Pressure Sensitive Film Using Digital Image Scanning
,”
Exp. Mech.
0014-4851,
27
, pp.
99
105
.
7.
Chen
,
M. I.
,
Branch
,
T. P.
, and
Hutton
,
W. C.
, 1996, “
Is It Important to Secure the Horns During Lateral Meniscal Transplantation?, A Cadaveric Study
,”
Arthroscopy: J. Relat. Surg.
0749-8063,
12
, pp.
174
181
.
8.
Heino Brechter
,
J.
,
Powers
,
C. M.
,
Terk
,
M. R.
,
Ward
,
S. R.
, and
Lee
,
T. Q.
, 2003, “
Quantification of Patellofemoral Joint Contact Area Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
,”
Magn. Reson. Imaging
0730-725X,
21
, pp.
955
959
.
9.
Lee
,
S. B.
,
Itoi
,
E.
,
O’Driscoll
,
S. W.
, and
An
,
K. N.
, 2001, “
Contact Geometry at the Undersurface of the Acromion With and Without a Rotator Cuff Tear
,”
Arthroscopy: J. Relat. Surg.
0749-8063,
17
, pp.
365
372
.
10.
Moed
,
B. R.
,
Ede
,
D. E.
, and
Brown
,
T. D.
, 2002, “
Fractures of the Olecranon: An In Vitro Study of Elbow Joint Stresses After Tension-Band Wire Fixation Versus Proximal Fracture Fragment Excision
,”
J. Trauma: Inj., Infect., Crit. Care
1079-6061,
53
, pp.
1088
1093
.
11.
Park
,
M. C.
,
Cadet
,
E. R.
,
Levine
,
W. N.
,
Bigliani
,
L. U.
, and
Ahmad
,
C. S.
, 2005, “
Tendon-to-Bone Pressure Distributions at a Repaired Rotator Cuff Footprint Using Transosseous Suture And Suture Anchor Fixation Techniques
,”
Am. J. Sports Med.
0363-5465,
33
, pp.
1154
1159
.
12.
Brown
,
T. D.
,
Rudert
,
M. J.
, and
Grosland
,
N. M.
, 2004, “
New Methods for Assessing Cartilage Contact Stress After Articular Fracture
,”
Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.
0009-921X,
423
(
6
), pp.
52
58
.
13.
Deguchi
,
K.
,
Takeuchi
,
N.
, and
Shimizu
,
A.
, 2002, “
Evaluation of Press-Uniformity Using a Pressure Sensitive Film and Calculation of Wafer Distortions Caused by Mold Press in Imprint Lithography
,”
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1
0021-4922,
41
(
1
), No. 6B (Special Issue: Microprocesses and Nanotechnology), pp.
4178
4181
.
14.
Kuroda
,
R.
,
Kambic
,
H.
,
Valdevit
,
A.
, and
Andrish
,
J. T.
, 2001, “
Articular Cartilage Contact Pressure After Tibial Tuberosity Transfer. A Cadaveric Study
,”
Am. J. Sports Med.
0363-5465,
29
, pp.
403
409
.
15.
Alhalki
,
M. M.
,
Howell
,
S. M.
, and
Hull
,
M. L.
, 1999, “
How Three Methods for Fixing a Medial Meniscal Autograft Affect Tibial Contact Mechanics
,”
Am. J. Sports Med.
0363-5465,
27
, pp.
320
328
.
16.
Atkinson
,
P. J.
,
Newberry
,
W. N.
,
Atkinson
,
T. S.
, and
Haut
,
R. C
, 1998, “
Method to Increase the Sensitive Range of Pressure Sensitive Film
,”
J. Biomech.
0021-9290,
31
, pp.
855
859
.
17.
Borrelli
,
J.
Jr.
,
Burns
,
M. E.
,
Ricci
,
W. M.
, and
Silva
,
M. J.
, 2002, “
A Method for Delivering Variable Impact Stresses to the Articular Cartilage of Rabbit Knees
,”
J. Orthop. Trauma
0890-5339,
16
, pp.
182
188
.
18.
Cheng
,
C. K.
,
Huang
,
C. H.
,
Liau
,
J. J.
, and
Huang
,
C. H.
, 2003, “
The Influence of Surgical Malalignment on the Contact Pressures of Fixed and Mobile Bearing Knee Prostheses—a Biomechanical Study
,”
Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)
0268-0033,
18
, pp.
231
236
.
19.
Diab
,
M.
,
Poston
,
J. M.
,
Huber
,
P.
, and
Tencer
,
A. F.
, 2005, “
The Biomechanical Effect of Radial Shortening on the Radiocapitellar Articulation
,”
J. Bone Joint Surg. Br.
0301-620X,
87
, pp.
879
883
.
20.
Goh
,
J. C.
,
Lee
,
P. Y.
, and
Bose
,
K.
, 1995, “
A Cadaver Study of the Function of the Oblique Part of Vastus Medialis
,”
J. Bone Joint Surg. Br.
0301-620X,
77
, pp.
225
231
.
21.
Harris
,
M. L.
,
Morberg
,
P.
,
Bruce
,
W. J.
, and
Walsh
,
W. R.
, 1999, “
An Improved Method for Measuring Tibiofemoral Contact Areas in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comparison of K-Scan Sensor and Fuji Film
,”
J. Biomech.
0021-9290,
32
, pp.
951
958
.
22.
Hsieh
,
Y. F.
,
Draganich
,
L. F.
,
Ho
,
S. H.
, and
Reider
,
B.
, 2002, “
The Effects of Removal and Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament on the Contact Characteristics of the Patellofemoral Joint
,”
Am. J. Sports Med.
0363-5465,
30
, pp.
121
127
.
23.
Kim
,
S. J.
,
Shin
,
J. W.
,
Lee
,
C. H.
,
Shin
,
H. J.
,
Kim
,
S. H.
,
Jeong
,
J. H.
, and
Lee
,
J. W.
, 2005, “
Biomechanical Comparisons of Three Different Tibial Tunnel Directions in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
,”
Arthroscopy: J. Relat. Surg.
0749-8063,
21
, pp.
286
293
.
24.
Kuno
,
H.
,
Nambu
,
M.
,
Yoshimura
,
T.
,
Ando
,
T.
,
Saito
,
I.
,
Nakajima
,
K.
, and
Tamura
,
T. A.
, 2000, “
A Practical Application of Pressure-Sensitive Film for Preventing Pressure Sores
,” Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2000, Chicago, IL.
25.
Lakin
,
R. C.
,
DeGnore
,
L. T.
, and
Pienkowski
,
D.
, 2001, “Contact Mechanics of Normal Tarsometatarsal Joints,” J. Bone Jt. Surg., 83-A, pp. 520–528.
26.
Levine
,
R. G.
,
Renard
,
R.
,
Behrens
,
F. F.
, and
Tornetta
,
P.
, 2002, “
Biomechanical Consequences of Secondary Congruence After Both-Column Acetabular Fracture
,”
J. Orthop. Trauma
0890-5339,
16
(
2
), pp.
87
91
.
27.
Rajaai
,
S. M.
,
Walsh
,
W. R.
, and
Schindhelm
,
K.
, 1996, “
Cadaver Studies to Obtain Articular Pressure in the Distal Radioulnar Joint Using Fuji Prescale Pressure Sensitive Film
,” Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Bridging Disciplines for Biomedicine, 1996, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
28.
Rosenbaum
,
D.
,
Eils
,
E.
, and
Hillmann
,
A.
, 2003, “
Changes in Talocrural Joint Contact Stress Characteristics After Simulated Rotationplasty
,”
J. Biomech.
0021-9290,
36
, pp.
81
86
.
29.
Sekaran
,
S. V.
,
Hull
,
M. L.
, and
Howell
,
S. M.
, 1998, “
Nonanatomic Location of the Posterior Horn of a Medial Meniscal Autograft Implanted in a Cadaveric Knee Adversely Affects the Pressure Distribution on the Tibial Plateau
,”
Am. J. Sports Med.
0363-5465,
30
, pp.
74
82
.
30.
Sparks
,
D. R.
,
Beason
,
D. P.
,
Eberhardt
,
A. W.
, and
Bandak
,
F. A.
, 2002, “
Contact Pressure Measurements in the Hip Joint: Effects of Femoral Angle in Greater Trochanter Loading
,” Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference and the Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society, 2002.
31.
Tuoheti
,
Y.
,
Itoi
,
E.
,
Yamamoto
,
N.
,
Seki
,
N.
,
Abe
,
H.
,
Minagawa
,
H.
,
Okada
,
K.
, and
Shimada
,
Y.
, 2005, “
Contact Area, Contact Pressure, and Pressure Patterns of the Tendon-Bone Interface After Rotator Cuff Repair
,”
Am. J. Sports Med.
0363-5465,
33
, pp.
1869
1874
.
32.
Baratz
,
M. E.
,
Fu
,
F. H.
, and
Mengato
,
R.
, 1986, “
Meniscal Tears: The Effect of Meniscectomy and of Repair on Intraarticular Contact Areas and Stress in the Human Knee., A Preliminary Report
,”
Am. J. Sports Med.
0363-5465,
14
, pp.
270
275
.
33.
McKellop
,
H. A.
,
Sigholm
,
G.
,
Redfern
,
F. C.
,
Doyle
,
B.
,
Sarmiento
,
A.
, and
Luck
,
J. V.
Sr.
, 1991, “
The Effect of Simulated Fracture-Angulations of the Tibia on Cartilage Pressuresin the Knee Joint
,”
J. Bone Jt. Surg., Am. Vol.
0021-9355,
73
, pp.
1382
1391
.
34.
Paletta
,
G. A.
Jr.
,
Manning
,
T.
,
Snell
,
E.
,
Parker
,
R.
, and
Bergfeld
,
J.
, 1997, “
The Effect of Allograft Meniscal Replacement on Intraarticular Contact Area and Pressures in the Human Knee. A Biomechanical Study
,”
Am. J. Sports Med.
0363-5465,
25
,
692
698
.
35.
Hale
,
J. E.
, and
Brown
,
T. D.
, 1992, “
Contact Stress Gradient Detection Limits of Pressensor Film
,”
ASME J. Biomech. Eng.
0148-0731,
114
, pp.
352
357
.
You do not currently have access to this content.