In partial liquid ventilation (PLV), perfluorocarbon (PFC) acts as a diffusion barrier to gas transport in the alveolar space since the diffusivities of oxygen and carbon dioxide in this medium are four orders of magnitude lower than in air. Therefore convection in the PFC layer resulting from the oscillatory motions of the alveolar sac during ventilation can significantly affect gas transport. For example, a typical value of the Pe´clet number in air ventilation is Pe∼0.01, whereas in PLV it is Pe∼20. To study the importance of convection, a single terminal alveolar sac is modeled as an oscillating spherical shell with gas, PFC, tissue and capillary blood compartments. Differential equations describing mass conservation within each compartment are derived and solved to obtain time periodic partial pressures. Significant partial pressure gradients in the PFC layer and partial pressure differences between the capillary and gas compartments are found to exist. Because Pe≫1, temporal phase differences are found to exist between and the ventilatory cycle that cannot be adequately described by existing non-convective models of gas exchange in PLV. The mass transfer rate is nearly constant throughout the breath when Pe≫1, but when Pe≪1 nearly 100% of the transport occurs during inspiration. A range of respiratory rates (RR), including those relevant to high frequency oscillation (HFO)+PLV, tidal volumes and perfusion rates are studied to determine the effect of heterogeneous distributions of ventilation and perfusion on gas exchange. The largest changes in and occur at normal and low perfusion rates respectively as RR and are varied. At a given ventilation rate, a low RR-high combination results in higher lower and lower than a high RR-low one.
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February 2005
Technical Papers
A Mathematical Model of Alveolar Gas Exchange in Partial Liquid Ventilation
Vinod Suresh,
Vinod Suresh
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Joseph C. Anderson,
Joseph C. Anderson
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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James B. Grotberg,
James B. Grotberg
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Ronald B. Hirschl
Ronald B. Hirschl
Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Vinod Suresh
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Joseph C. Anderson
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
James B. Grotberg
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Ronald B. Hirschl
Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Contributed by the Bioengineering Division for publication in the JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING. Manuscript received by the Bioengineering Division December 1, 2003; revision received September 8, 2004. Associate Editor: James Moore.
J Biomech Eng. Feb 2005, 127(1): 46-59 (14 pages)
Published Online: March 8, 2005
Article history
Received:
December 1, 2003
Revised:
September 8, 2004
Online:
March 8, 2005
Citation
Suresh , V., Anderson , J. C., Grotberg, J. B., and Hirschl, R. B. (March 8, 2005). "A Mathematical Model of Alveolar Gas Exchange in Partial Liquid Ventilation ." ASME. J Biomech Eng. February 2005; 127(1): 46–59. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1835352
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